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Class 12 Biology MCQ Questions of Biotechnology: Principles and Processes with Answers?

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1.  Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic, engineering are:

(a) Escherichiya Coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(b) Virbio chloerae and tailed bacteriophage
(c) Diplococcus sp and pseudomonas sp.
(d) None of these

2. Plasmid is a:

(a) Fungus
(b) Plasmid
(c) Part of Plasma membrane
(d) Extra chromosomal DNA in bacterial cell

3. Restriction endonucleases are most widely used in recombinant DNA technology. They are obtained from :

(a) Plasmids
(b) AH prokaryotic cells
(c) Bacteriophages
(d) Bacterial cells

4. Triticale, the first man-made cereal crop, has been obtained by crossing wheat with:

(a) Rye
(b) Pearl millet
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Barley

5. In genetic engineering, antibiotics are used

(a) as selectable markers
(b) to select healthy vectors
(c) to keep the cultures free of infection
(d) as sequences from where replication starts

 6. Which of the following enzyme is used in the case of fungus to cause a release of DNA along with other macromolecules ?

(a) Lysozyme
(b) Cellulase
(c) Chitinase
(d) Amylase

7.  Which of the following is a natural genetic engineer of plants?

(a) Yeast
(b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) E. coli
(d) Mycoplasma

8. Which one of the following is used as a vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?

(a) Baculovirus
(b) Salmonella typhimurium
(c) Rhizopus nigricans
(d) Retrovirus

9. A bacterial cell was transformed with recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be

(a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process
(b) Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different
(c) Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria
(d) All of the above

10. Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?

(a) A continuous culture system
(b) Any of the above
(c) A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-lets
(d) Laboratory flask of the largest capacity

11. Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the\ development of PCR technique?

(a) Kary Mullis
(b) Arthur Kornberg
(c) Hargovind Khurana
(d) Herbert Boyer

12. Which is obtained from genetic engineering

(a) Golden Rice
(b) Haemoglobin
(c) Glucose
(d) None of these

13. The expression of a transgene in the target tissue is identified by a

(a) Reporter
(b) Enhancer
(c) Promoter
(d) Transgene

14. Recombinant DNA is obtained by cleaving the pro-DNA by                                   

(a) primase
(b) exonucleases
(c) ligase
(d) restriction endonuclease

15. DNA or RNA segment tagged with radio- active molecule is called:            

(a) Vector
(b) Probe
(c) Clone
(d) Plasmid

16. Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for

(a) Transformation of plant cells
(b) Constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors
(c) DNA finger printing
(d) Disarming pathogen vectors

17. Brief exposure of cells to an electric field also allow the bacteria to take up DNA and this process is called as_______.

(a) Apheresis
(b) Electroporation
(c) Electrolysis
(d) Electrophoresis

18. Which one is called molecular scissors?

(a) Endocrine
(b) Ribonuclease
(c) Restriction enzymes
(d) Exonuclease

19.  The extraction of DNA from the agrose gel is called as______.

(a) Elution
(b) Ligation
(c) Transformation
(d) Isolation

20. Helium is used in Biolistic gun as______.

(a) It is a light gas
(b) It acts as a propellant
(c) It is an inert gas
(d) Tungsten coated with DNA can be easily passed in the presence of Helium

21. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their:

(a) Charge only
(b) Charge to size ratio
(c) both a and b
(d) Size only

22. For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up of:

(a) Silver or Platinum
(b) Platinum or Zinc
(c) Silicon or Platinum
(d) Gold or Tungsten

23. Proteins can be digested by

(a) Protease
(b) Pectinase
(c) Chitinase
(d) Nuclease

24. The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called

(a) upstream processing
(b) downstream processing
(c) bioprocessing
(d) postproduction processing

25. Which of the following restriction enzymes produces blunt ends?

(a) Sal I
(b) Eco RV
(c) Xho
(d) Hind III

Answer 2

1.  Answer :  (a) Escherichia Coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Explanation: Many kinds of bacteria are used in genetic engineering but two of the most important bacteria used in genetic engineering experiments are Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. E. coli is one of the most important bacteria used in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering.

2. Answer : (d) Extra chromosomal DNA in bacterial cell

Explanation: A plasmid of bacterial origin is an extrachromosomal circular DNA present freely inside the cytoplasm of bacteria. It contains DNA as genetic material. It usually contains certain specific genes that provide added advantage to the bacteria-containing it. For example, it contains antibiotic-resistant genes.

3. Answer :  (d) Bacterial cells

Explanation: Restriction endonucleases used widely in RDT are obtained from bacterial cells.

4. Answer : (a) Rye

Explanation: Triticale is the first man made cereal or crop, which has been produced by intergeneric hybridization between common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and European rye (Secale cereale) with a view to combining characters of these two parent plants.

5. Answer :  (a) as selectable markers

Explanation: Antibiotics help in safely destroying bacteria within the body and from the disinfectants which are used to destroy microorganisms found on non-living substances. Genetic engineering is used to do genetic modifications to manipulate an organism's genes using biotechnology.

 6. Answer :  (c) Chitinase

Explanation: Use of chitinase enzyme, is necessary for isolation of DNA from yeast cells but not in the case of Spirogyra.

7.Answer :  (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Explanation: Agrobacterium is truly a natural genetic engineer, in that not only does it transform plants to synthesize food (opines) for itself but its DNA can be found even in perfectly normal appearing, uninfected plants.

8. Answer :  (d) Retrovirus

Explanation: The retrovirus comprises two samples of a single-stranded RNA genome with orderings known as a gag, pol, and env, which encrypt viral structural and catalytic proteins. These are enclosed by a glycoprotein envelope. It is this proviral DNA that is altered to form retroviral vectors for gene transfer.

9. Answer :  (a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process

Explanation: A bacterial cell was transformed with recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein because human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process.

10. Answer : (a) A continuous culture system

Explanation: A large flask; without a suitable culture system is not going to yield anything. Same holds true for a tank bioreactor. It is the continuous culture system that is a must for producing a recombinant protein.

11. Answer :  (a) Kary Mullis

Explanation: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique was developed by Kary Mullis in 1985, and for this, he received Nobel prize for chemistry in 1993.

12. Answer :  (a) Golden Rice

Explanation: Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice. It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A.

13. Answer :  (a) Reporter

Explanation: A superior reporter gene is recognized easily and can be measured quantitatively when it is expressed in the tissue of interest. They are used as indicators to know the gene expression in the target tissue for pharmaceutical and molecular biology research.

14. Answer :  (d) restriction endonuclease

Explanation: Recombinant DNA is obtained by cleaving the pro-DNA by restriction endonucleases. They can cleave DNA at specific base sequences called restriction sites.

15. Answer :  (b) Probe

Explanation: A single-stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a probe.

16. Answer :  (a) Transformation of plant cells

Explanation: Biolistic gun, also known as the gene gun is used to genetically transform nucleus, plasmids as well as mitochondria. They can be used for transformation of any organism.

17. Answer :  (b) Electroporation

Explanation: Brief exposure of cells to an electric field also allows the bacteria to take up DNA and this process is called electroporation. However, some types of bacteria are naturally transformable, which means they can take up DNA from their environment without requiring special treatment.

18. Answer :  (c) Restriction enzymes

Explanation: Restriction enzymes are also called "molecular scissors" as they cleave DNA at or near specific recognition sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes make one incision on each of the two strands of DNA and are also called restriction endonucleases

19. Answer :  (a) Elution

Explanation: The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.

20. Answer :  (b) It acts as a propellant

Explanation: The Helios gene gun uses a low-pressure helium pulse to sweep microcarriers from the inner wall of a small plastic cartridge and propel them into the target.

21. Answer : (d) Size only

Explanation: In agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments separate out (resolve) according to their size or length because of the sieving property of agarose gel. It means, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it will move.

22. Answer :  (d) Gold or Tungsten

Explanation: For gene transfer into the host cell without using vector microparticles made of tungsten and gold coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. This method is called biolistics or gene gun which is suitable for plants.

23. Answer :  (a) Protease

Explanation: Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid,24.  and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids. Amino acids are joined together by peptides, which are broken by proteases. From your stomach, these smaller chains of amino acids move into your small intestine.

24. Answer : (b) downstream processing

Explanation: The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called downstream processing.

25. Answer : (b) Eco RV

Explanation: Eco RV is a type 2 endonuclease producing blunt ends in the center of nucleotide sequence GAT/ATC. 

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