(a) Ores and minerals
(b) Flux and slag : Flux is a substance (Acidic or basic oxide ) which combines with the earthy impurities (gangue) associated with the ore to form a fusibel mass known as slag. ` "Flux" +" Gangue" to " Slag "`
(c ) Smelting and roasting. Smelting is the reduction of the oxide ore of a metal with carbon (coke) in a Blast furnace. Roasting is the heating of the ore below its melting point with excess of oxygen.
