(i) When urea is heated gently, it forms biuret which gives violet colouration with NaOH and a drop of copper sulphate. Ammonium acetate does not give this test
(ii) Ethanoic acid on treatment with `AgNO_(3)`, fonm, a white precipitate of `CH_(3)COOAg`, which is soluble in `HNO_(3)` Ethanoic acid also gives effervescence with `NaHCO_(3)`. While ethanoyl chloride on hydrolysis with water releases `Cl^(-)` which with `AgNO_(3)` gives white precipitate of AgCl insoluble in `HNO_(3)`
(iii) Ethyl ethanoate saponifies with NaOH to give `C_(2)H_(5)OH` and `CH_(3)COONa` and also it has a fruity odour, whereas ethanamide on heating with aqueous NaOH gives a smell of `NH_(3)`.
(iv) Ethanoic anhydride is hydrolysed to ethanoic acid on warming with water and gives acid test with litmus paper, whereas under these conditions, methyl ethanoate is not hydrolysed. Methyl ethanoate on hydrolysis in presence of acids or alkalies gives `CH_(3)COOH` and `CH_(3)OH`. On warming `CH_(3)OH` with salicylic acid in presence of conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)` gives a fragrant smell of oil of winter green (methyl salicylate).
(v) See section 12.23
(vi) See section 12.24
(vii) See section 12.25
