Right option is (d) Numerical values of coefficients
To elaborate: Traditionally, models are based on a combination of ‘theoretical’ relationships which provide the structure of the model, and experimental observations which provide the numerical values of coefficients. For biological processes, specifying the model structure can be difficult because of the complexity of cellular processes and the large number of environmental factors which affect cell culture. Usually, bioprocess models are much-simplified approximate representations deduced from observation rather than from theoretical laws of science. As an example, a frequently-used mathematical model for batch fermentation consists of the Monod equation for growth and an expression for rate of substrate consumption as a function of biomass concentration.
