Correct Answer - Option 2 : Mill
The laws of induction were given by philosopher John Stuart Mill.
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John Stuart Mill, in his System of Logic, set forth and discussed five methods of experimental inquiry, calling them the method of agreement, the method of difference, the joint method of agreement and difference, the method of residues, and the method of concomitant variation.
- Mill maintained that these are the methods by which we both discover and demonstrate causal relationships and that they are of fundamental importance in a scientific investigation.
- Mill called these methods "eliminative methods of induction."
- "If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon." as defined by Mill.
Hence, the correct answer is John Stuart Mill.
