Correct Answer - Option 3 : Permanent Settlement
British got the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765.
- The major aim of the British East India Company was to increase their land revenue collection.
- The British policies aimed at getting maximum income from the land without caring about its consequences on cultivators and peasants.
The Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793 by Governor-General Lord Cornwallis.
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Rajas and taluqdars were recognized as Zamindars to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the company.
- The amount paid by the zamindars to the company was fixed permanently.
- The Company believed that as the revenue amount was fixed, the zamindars would benefit by investing in land improvement, which would, in turn, lead to increased production.
- Zamindars lost their right over the lands whenever they fail to make payments to the company
Hence, the correct answer is Permanent Settlement.
Ryotwari Settlement:
- This System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.
- This was the primary land revenue system in South India.
- Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorg provinces of British India.
- In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.
Mahalwari Settlement:
- This system was introduced in 1822 by Holt Mackenzie. Later, the system was reformed during the period of William Bentick (1833).
- This was the primary land revenue system in North-West India.
- It was introduced in Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, etc of British India.
- In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages.
