pharmacology questions

Question

56 –  Barbiturates:

          a. Bind to GABA- A- receptor Cl− channel complex

          b. Lead to increased GABA- mediated chloride conductance

          c.  Cause membrane hyperpolarization

          d. All of the above

57 – Benzodiazepines :

          a. Block sodium channels

          b.  Increase the frequency of opening of Cl– channels

          c. Increase the intracellular concentration of Ca ions

          d. All of the above

59 - Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are used in:

          a. Acute muscle spasms

          b. Anxiety and tension

          c. Backache and neuralgias

          d. All of the above

66-   Indicate two statements that are true of exogenous (reactive) depression?

          a.  it can be self- limiting

          b. treatment is aimed at increasing serotonin

          c.  it can be caused by biochemical defects

            d.  usually it may not require drug therapy to relieve

75 - Serious adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants include

          a. liver toxicity

          b . cardiac arrhythmias

78 -  The correct order of skeletal muscles relaxation is:

          a.   Trunk; Intercostal Muscle; Hands & Feet; Arm, Legs, Neck, Face; Diaphragm; Eyes & Fingers;

         

b. Arm, Legs, Neck, Face; Trunk; Eyes & Fingers; Hands & Feet; Intercostal Muscle; Diaphragm

           

c.  Eyes & Fingers; Hands & Feet; Arm, Legs, Neck, Face; Trunk; Intercostal Muscle; Diaphragm

         

d.  Diaphragm; Hands & Feet; Arm, Legs, Neck, Face; Eyes & Fingers; Trunk; Intercostal Muscle

80 -

80 - The main pharmacologic effects of tricyclic antidepressants on neurotransmitter activity is

          a.  increase norepinephrine

          b.  increase acetylcholine

          c.  increase serotonin

          d.  all statements are true

          e. only A and C are true

81 - The pharmacologic effects of tricyclic antidepressants include:

          a.  alpha- adrenergic blockade

          b.  sedative action

             c. anticholinergic

          d.   all statements are true

92 - Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

          a.  Barbiturates have a low therapeutic index

          b.  Benzodiazepines have a wide margin of safety

          c.  Barbiturates have a high therapeutic index

          d.  All of the above

Answer 1

56 - The correct answer is d) All of the above. Barbiturates bind to the GABA-A receptor Cl− channel complex, lead to increased GABA-mediated chloride conductance, and cause membrane hyperpolarization.

57 - The correct answer is b) Increase the frequency of opening of Cl– channels. Benzodiazepines increase the frequency of opening of Cl– channels, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA.

59 - The correct answer is d) All of the above. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are used in acute muscle spasms, anxiety and tension, as well as backache and neuralgias.

66 - The correct answers are b) treatment is aimed at increasing serotonin and c) it can be caused by biochemical defects. Exogenous (reactive) depression can be treated by increasing serotonin levels, and it can be caused by biochemical defects.

75 - The correct answer is d) All statements are true. Serious adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants include liver toxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, and excess CNS stimulation.

78 - The correct answer is a) Trunk; Intercostal Muscle; Hands & Feet; Arm, Legs, Neck, Face; Diaphragm; Eyes & Fingers.

80 - The correct answer is e) only A and C are true. The main pharmacologic effects of tricyclic antidepressants on neurotransmitter activity are to increase norepinephrine and serotonin.

81 - The correct answer is d) All statements are true. The pharmacologic effects of tricyclic antidepressants include alpha-adrenergic blockade, sedative action, and anticholinergic effects.

92 - The correct answer is c) Barbiturates have a high therapeutic index. The statement "Barbiturates have a high therapeutic index" is incorrect. Barbiturates actually have a low therapeutic index, which means the difference between the effective dose and toxic dose is relatively small.