(a) Isoelctric point – the pH at which there is no net migration of any ion towards electrode.e.g,amino acids have isoelectric point at pH = 5.5‐6.3
(b) Mutarotation ‐ it is spontaneous change in optical rotation when an optically active substance is dissolved in water.e.g, α‐glucose when dissolved in water changes its optical rotation from 111° to 52.5°.
(c) Transcription – it is process by which m―RNA is generated from DNA. e.g, if DNA has base sequence ATACA then m―RNA has base sequence TATCGT.