Question

Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?

(i) Name the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of transition metals from Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30).

(ii) Name the element which shows only +3
oxidation state.

Answer 1

Transition elements show variable state oxidation in their compounds because there is a very small energy difference in between (n-1)d and ns orbitals. As a result, electrons of (n-1)d orbitals as well as ns-orbitals take part in bond formation.

(i) Mn(Z-25) has the maximum number of unpaired electrons present in the d-subshell so it shows maximum oxidation states(+7).

(ii) Sc only exhibits a +3 oxidation state in these series.