Question

Explain the various oxidation states found in group 14 elements.

Answer 1

The group 14 elements have four electrons in outermost shell and its electronic configuration is ns² np². They can form M⁴⁺ or M^4- ions to show ionic character or exhibit tetravalent covalent nature by sharing of four electrons in order to get stability. In the formation of M⁴⁺ or M^4- ions require huge amount of energy which is normally not possible. So, these elements do not form ionic bond rather they form covalent bonds in both oxidation states. Lead compounds in +2 state are stable and in +4 state are strong oxidising agents.