1. Packaging and Labelling :
Packaging refers to designing and developing the package for the products. Labelling refers to designing and developing the label to be put on the package. They both are considered as pillars of marketing.
2. Warehousing :
In order to maintain smooth flow of products in the market, to protect against unavailable delays in delivery or to meet contingencies in the demand, proper storage of goods is required. Warehousing creates time utility.
3. Transportation :
Transportation involves physical movement of goods from one place to other. Generally, the users of the products are widespread and geographically separated, and it is necessary to move the products to the place where they are needed for consumption and use.
