Question

Give differences between: (a) Involuntary action and reflex action. (b) Tropic movements and Nastic movements.

Answer 1

Answer : (a)

Involuntary action	Reflex action
They do not require any kind of stimulus to act.	Stimulus is required for reflex action to take place.
Involuntary actions do not rely on spinal cord fr them to take place.	Reflex action involves both brain and spinal cord.
Involuntary actions do not involve skeletal muscles.	Reflex action involves skeletal muscles.

(b)

Tropic movements	Nastic movements
They are a kind of directional movements.	They are non- directional movements.
These movements affect the growth of the plant.	They are not associated with the growth of the plant.
These movements are non-reversible in nature. They are permanent kind of.	These movements are reversible in nature. They are not permanent.
For example- Bending of shoot of plant towards the direction of light.	For example- Opening and closing of stomata according to amount of water present.