Consider a simple circuit shown in Fig 3.2. stands for a variable resistance R ′. R ′ can vary from R0 to infinity. r is internal resistance of the battery (r<<R<<R0).
(a) Potential drop across AB is nearly constant as R′ is varied.
(b) Current through R′ is nearly a constant as R′ is varied.
(c) Current I depends sensitively on R ′.
(d) I ≥V/r+R always.