Question

Which of the following movement was launched on 8^th August, 1942 ?
1. Quit India Movement
2. Dandi March
3. Non Cooperation Movement
4. Swadeshi Movement
5.

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Quit India Movement

The correct answer is Quit India Movement.

• On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement for freedom from British rule in Mumbai.
• The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement was a Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Gandhi for Satyagraha.
• Gandhiji gave the slogan “Do or Die” in his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan in Mumbai.
• The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally who was a socialist and also a trade unionist.
  • He also served as Mayor of Mumbai.
  • He also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”.
• Quit India Movement had three phases:
  • In the first phase, there were strikes and demonstrations across the country.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. Several other leaders were also detained by the Britishers.
  • The second phase of the Quit India Movement saw many peasant rebellions marked by the destruction of communication sys­tems, such as railway tracks and stations, telegraph wires and poles, attacks on government buildings or any other visible symbol of colo­nial authority.
  • The third and final phase of the Quit India Movement witnessed the formation of national governments or parallel governments in isolated pockets such as Ballia, Tamluk, Satara, etc.

• Dandi March :
  • Dandi Satyagrah was a non-violent protest against the British monopoly on salt production that was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Salt Satyagraha March started on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi after 24 days on 6th April 1930.
  • Gandhi Ji started the movement with 78 volunteers and was later joined by thousands of others on his way.
  • The march played the most significant role in challenging the Britishers since the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22. It directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930.
• Non-Cooperation Movement:
  • The Non-cooperation Movement was launched on 5th September 1920 by the Indian National Congress (INC) under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • In September 1920, in a Congress session in Calcutta, the party introduced the Non-Cooperation programme.
  • The period of the non-cooperation movement is taken as September 1920 to February 1922.
  • The movement was essentially a peaceful and non-violent protest against the British government in India.
  • Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• Swadeshi Movement :
  • Indian National Congress initiated the Swadeshi movement in Bengal against the announcement of the partition of Bengal in July 1905 by Lord Curzon.
  • It was launched as a protest movement which also gave a lead to the Boycott movement in the country.
  • The Swadeshi movement was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism.