(i) Method Study : It refers to observing and noting down all the movements of an average worker while doing the job. Motion study helps to save time and increase the production. While identifying different motions, Taylor used stopwatches and various symbols and colours. In recent times, video-graphics can be used to identify different motions.
The objectives of Motion Study are:
(i) To determine the movements of workers involved in performing a job.
(ii) To identify productive and unproductive movements.
(iii) To minimize the unproductive movements of workers, design suitable equipments.
(iv) To eliminate wasteful movements. With better working conditions motion study improves efficiency and productivity.
(ii) Differential Piece Wage System: This technique is the strongest motivator for a worker to reach standard performance. To motivate the workers, Taylor has advised the adoption of differential piece rate system. This system emphasizes on paying different rate of wage for efficient and inefficient employees.
In this two different wage rates are used : one is the higher wage rate and the other is the lower wage rate and the basic aim of fixing two different rates is to differentiate between efficient and inefficient workers and to suitably reward the efficient workers. Higher wage rates are fixed for those workers who produce equal to or more than the standard output and lower wage rates are fixed for those workers who do not reach the standard output.
For Example, If standard production is fixed at 10 units per day and rates are fixed as follows:
Wages rate below standard output : Rs.20 per unit
Wages rate above standard output : Rs.50 per unit If a worker 'A' produces 12 units then he will get Rs.600 (12 unit x Rs.50 per unit).
If another worker 'B' produces 9 units, then he will get Rs.180 (9 units x Rs.20 per unit).
According to Taylor, this difference in wages will motivate the workers to become efficient and earn more.
(iii) Fatigue Study :
In management, fatigue study refers to the long working hours with sufficient breaks which results in stress, which is also known as fatigue. This has an adverse effect on the health of the employees. Through study of fatigue, one can reduce the level of stress and maintain an optimum operational efficiency.
